Respondents named in more than one action

This list ranks the respondents named in more than one enforcement action in our library. Appearing more than once means a regulator has brought separate actions naming the same respondent; it is not a finding about any of them, and where an action's status is "filed" the allegations remain unproven.

Read this before reading the table. Being named in an enforcement action is an allegation until a court or tribunal resolves it. Some of the actions below are settled without any admission; some are pending; some may have been dismissed since we recorded them. This page counts appearances in filings and asserts nothing beyond that. If a matter here has resolved in a respondent's favour, tell us and we will record it.

Method and its limits. Names are taken verbatim from each regulator's release and matched case-insensitively after stripping punctuation. We do not merge names that differ in spelling, and we do not attempt to establish that two identical names refer to the same person. Common names may therefore be conflated, and one person recorded two ways will appear twice. Verify against the linked primary documents before drawing any conclusion.

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