Market manipulation enforcement actions filed in 2021
This library records 161 market manipulation enforcement actions filed in 2021, brought by AMF-FR, ASIC, CFTC, FCA, OSC, SEC.
Counts by year reflect when an action was filed or announced, not when the underlying conduct occurred — those are often years apart. Compare across years with care: a single multi-defendant sweep can dominate a year's count.
- Actions
- 61
- Total penalties
- $57.7m
- Median penalty
- $238k
- Largest
- $27.9m
- Criminal parallel
- 41%