Market Manipulation. Search

Rule 15c2-11

Rule 15c2-11 requires that current public information about an issuer exists before a broker-dealer may publish quotations in its securities. Its 2020 amendments substantially reduced the population of quoted shell companies.

compliance and practice · updated 2026-09-23

Where does rule 15c2-11 come up?

This term is used in the following manipulation techniques, each explained in full on its own page.

Enforcement actions involving these techniques

Action Agency Filed Technique Penalty Status
SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (shell factories, 2019) SEC 2019-08-06 Shell Factories — judgment
SEC v. Delaney Equity Group LLC Delaney and others (reverse merger schemes, 2018) SEC 2018-08-29 Reverse Merger Schemes , Shell Factories +1 $20k settled
SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (shell factories, 2017) SEC 2017-05-24 Shell Factories , Undisclosed Control Blocks — filed
SEC v. Edward F. Panos, et al. (shell factories, 2016) SEC 2016-12-20 Shell Factories , Undisclosed Control Blocks — judgment
SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016) SEC 2016-05-12 Paid Stock Promotion , Shell Factories — unknown

See also

Back to the full glossary — 261 defined terms.