Market Manipulation. Search

Quotation medium

A quotation medium publishes dealer quotations for securities that are not exchange-listed. Rule 15c2-11 governs who may publish a quote and what information must exist first — a rule that has been tightened specifically to squeeze out shells.

instruments and markets · updated 2026-09-23

Where does quotation medium come up?

This term is used in the following manipulation techniques, each explained in full on its own page.

Enforcement actions involving these techniques

Action Agency Filed Technique Penalty Status
SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (shell factories, 2019) SEC 2019-08-06 Shell Factories — judgment
SEC v. Delaney Equity Group LLC Delaney and others (reverse merger schemes, 2018) SEC 2018-08-29 Reverse Merger Schemes , Shell Factories +1 $20k settled
SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (shell factories, 2017) SEC 2017-05-24 Shell Factories , Undisclosed Control Blocks — filed
SEC v. Edward F. Panos, et al. (shell factories, 2016) SEC 2016-12-20 Shell Factories , Undisclosed Control Blocks — judgment
SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016) SEC 2016-05-12 Paid Stock Promotion , Shell Factories — unknown

See also

Terms that refer here

Over-the-counter market · Rule 15c2-11

Back to the full glossary — 261 defined terms.