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Monetary relief ordered per year

Aggregate relief is dominated by a small number of very large settlements: in most years, the single largest action accounts for a substantial share of the annual total, which is why the median penalty on each technique page is a better guide to a typical outcome than any yearly total.

Civil penalties and disgorgement ordered per yearA stacked column chart of monetary relief per year, separating civil penalties from disgorgement. Penalties are punitive; disgorgement returns gains. They are shown separately because adding them together and calling the result a fine double-counts the harm. $0 $1.9bn $3.8bn $5.6bn $7.5bn200420062008201020122014201620182020202220242026USD ordered2004 - Disgorgement: $17k2005 - Civil penalty: $110k2005 - Disgorgement: $318k2009 - Disgorgement: $2m2011 - Disgorgement: $259k2013 - Civil penalty: $1.1bn2013 - Disgorgement: $47m2014 - Civil penalty: $1.7bn2014 - Disgorgement: $35m2015 - Civil penalty: $1.7bn2015 - Disgorgement: $1bn2016 - Civil penalty: $680m2016 - Disgorgement: $367m2017 - Civil penalty: $422m2017 - Disgorgement: $289m2018 - Civil penalty: $978m2018 - Disgorgement: $257m2019 - Civil penalty: $990m2019 - Disgorgement: $294m2020 - Civil penalty: $912m2020 - Disgorgement: $839m2021 - Civil penalty: $304m2021 - Disgorgement: $223m2022 - Civil penalty: $1bn2022 - Disgorgement: $741m2023 - Civil penalty: $419m2023 - Disgorgement: $405m2024 - Civil penalty: $442m2024 - Disgorgement: $450m2025 - Civil penalty: $6bn2025 - Disgorgement: $189m2026 - Civil penalty: $45m2026 - Disgorgement: $30mCivil penaltyDisgorgement
Civil penalties and disgorgement recorded per year across the manipulation actions in this library.

How this was calculated

Penalty and disgorgement figures are extracted from the text of the regulator’s own release and stored in separate fields. Where a release states no figure, the case contributes zero to the total rather than being excluded, so these are lower bounds. Amounts are nominal US dollars and are not inflation-adjusted.

What this chart does not show

  • These are nominal dollars. Comparing 2015 with 2026 without adjusting for inflation overstates growth.
  • Figures are lower bounds: a release that does not state an amount contributes zero.
  • Penalty and disgorgement are different things and are shown separately. Adding them and describing the result as a fine is wrong.
  • Amounts ordered are not amounts collected. Collection rates are not published consistently and are not tracked here.
  • International actions denominated in other currencies are recorded with null monetary fields rather than being converted, so they contribute nothing to these totals.

Source

Computed from this site's own case library, which is compiled from the primary releases of the issuing regulators. Regenerated on every build, so the figures move as cases are added.

Regenerated 2026-10-16

Reuse

Free to reuse with attribution. The chart, the underlying figures and the CSV below are published under CC BY 4.0. Credit Market Manipulation and link back to this page. The regulator releases the data is compiled from are separately available at their own sources, listed on our sources page.

The data

Download CSV · the same figures are rendered below so the page is complete without downloading anything.

Monetary relief ordered per year — full dataset
yearpenalty_usddisgorgement_usdactions_with_penaltyactions_total
200401686005
200511000031819319
20060009
200700015
200800017
200902043362014
201000014
20110259404016
20120008
201310860404044747346569111
201417296223393453347491145
20151663226624.09000021012479977.61105223
2016680454702.09366536979.12999994113202
2017422259936.37289044572.90999997113227
2018977606487.11257485461.08127245
2019989911190.7699999293699859.3295202
2020911694650.23839460341.695192
2021303588535.69000006223272976.4200000278161
20221045254626.9741223746.430000180492
2023419120322.06405068624.8195363
2024442140508449701708.41107266
20255992259731.22189488553.9545199
202644740668.630145038.1836137

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