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Monetary relief ordered per year

Aggregate relief is dominated by a small number of very large settlements: in most years, the single largest action accounts for a substantial share of the annual total, which is why the median penalty on each technique page is a better guide to a typical outcome than any yearly total.

Civil penalties and disgorgement ordered per yearA stacked column chart of monetary relief per year, separating civil penalties from disgorgement. Penalties are punitive; disgorgement returns gains. They are shown separately because adding them together and calling the result a fine double-counts the harm. $0 $1.9bn $3.8bn $5.6bn $7.5bn2004200720112013201520172019202120232025USD ordered2004 - Disgorgement: $2k2009 - Disgorgement: $2m2011 - Civil penalty: $120k2011 - Disgorgement: $3m2013 - Civil penalty: $1bn2013 - Disgorgement: $38m2014 - Civil penalty: $1.6bn2014 - Disgorgement: $38m2015 - Civil penalty: $1.4bn2015 - Disgorgement: $346m2016 - Civil penalty: $557m2016 - Disgorgement: $779m2017 - Civil penalty: $203m2017 - Disgorgement: $776m2018 - Civil penalty: $936m2018 - Disgorgement: $145m2019 - Civil penalty: $160m2019 - Disgorgement: $106m2020 - Civil penalty: $255m2020 - Disgorgement: $568m2021 - Civil penalty: $218m2021 - Disgorgement: $673m2022 - Civil penalty: $1.2bn2022 - Disgorgement: $327m2023 - Civil penalty: $264m2023 - Disgorgement: $70m2024 - Civil penalty: $375m2024 - Disgorgement: $361m2025 - Civil penalty: $6bn2025 - Disgorgement: $56m2026 - Civil penalty: $27m2026 - Disgorgement: $24mCivil penaltyDisgorgement
Civil penalties and disgorgement recorded per year across the manipulation actions in this library.

How this was calculated

Penalty and disgorgement figures are extracted from the text of the regulator’s own release and stored in separate fields. Where a release states no figure, the case contributes zero to the total rather than being excluded, so these are lower bounds. Amounts are nominal US dollars and are not inflation-adjusted.

What this chart does not show

  • These are nominal dollars. Comparing 2015 with 2026 without adjusting for inflation overstates growth.
  • Figures are lower bounds: a release that does not state an amount contributes zero.
  • Penalty and disgorgement are different things and are shown separately. Adding them and describing the result as a fine is wrong.
  • Amounts ordered are not amounts collected. Collection rates are not published consistently and are not tracked here.
  • International actions denominated in other currencies are recorded with null monetary fields rather than being converted, so they contribute nothing to these totals.

Source

Computed from this site's own case library, which is compiled from the primary releases of the issuing regulators. Regenerated on every build, so the figures move as cases are added.

Regenerated 2026-09-23

Reuse

Free to reuse with attribution. The chart, the underlying figures and the CSV below are published under CC BY 4.0. Credit Market Manipulation and link back to this page. The regulator releases the data is compiled from are separately available at their own sources, listed on our sources page.

The data

Download CSV · the same figures are rendered below so the page is complete without downloading anything.

Monetary relief ordered per year — full dataset
yearpenalty_usddisgorgement_usdactions_with_penaltyactions_total
20040184402
20050001
20070001
20090204336201
2011120000253240414
20120001
201310164703103844725055102
201416453198663798321776136
2015140764722834565883267217
201655683314977932091767198
201720250349477565336469218
201893557088314467218078239
201915956100710552008751192
202025529777156769312563186
202121805836167268804849154
2022122619306532724537248176
20232644534627014839465208
202437451621936107120971189
202560104647085559780326114
202627087134239914701989

All charts · the full case library as JSON