Enforcement actions per year, by agency

How this was calculated

Each action is counted once, in the year it was filed or announced by the issuing regulator, using the date on the primary release. Actions naming several defendants count as one action. Only actions our classifier tagged with at least one manipulation technique are included, so this is not a complete mirror of any agency’s enforcement programme.

What this chart does not show

• Counts reflect the year an action was filed, not the year the conduct occurred. Those are frequently several years apart.
• A single multi-defendant sweep can dominate a year, so year-on-year changes are noisy.
• Coverage begins in 2013 for CFTC actions, SEC administrative proceedings and the non-US regulators, but only in 2015 for SEC litigation releases. The 2013 and 2014 columns are therefore missing one large source and understate those years against the rest.
• DOJ coverage is partial. The department’s filtered news listing is not accessible to automated clients, so most criminal matters enter this data through the criminal-parallel flag on the corresponding civil action rather than as separate records.

Source

Computed from this site's own case library, which is compiled from the primary releases of the issuing regulators. Regenerated on every build, so the figures move as cases are added.

Regenerated 2026-09-23

Reuse

Free to reuse with attribution. The chart, the underlying figures and the CSV below are published under CC BY 4.0. Credit Market Manipulation and link back to this page. The regulator releases the data is compiled from are separately available at their own sources, listed on our sources page.